The volatile leaf oil of Eriostemon myoporoides DC. (Rutaceae) collected at Denman, S.S.W., was originally examined by Penfold, who reported a crystalline sesquiterpenic alcohol he considered to be ledol. On fractional distillation of Penfold's original sample, an alcohol (b.p. >80 °C) was isolated from the residue, which solidified on standing and, after recrystallization from light petroleum (b.p. 50-60 °C), was identified as the tricyclic sesquiterpenic alcohol maaliol (m.p. 102-103 °C, [α]g +11° (c, 4.7 in alcohol), [α]t3 +28° (c, 6.7 in chloroform)). Identification was confirmed by mixed melting point determination and infrared spectrum comparison with an authentic specimen provided by Dr. O. Biichi of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The phenylurethane of maaliol (m.p. 116-117 °C, Found: C 77.4%; H 9.0%; N 4.2%. Calc. for C₂₂H₃₁O₂N: C 77.5%; H 9.1%; N 4.1%)—a derivative not previously reported—was prepared. The volatile leaf oil of Prostanthera prunellioides R.Br. (Labiatae) collected at Putty, N.S.W., which solidified on standing, was found to contain 60% maaliol. The volatile leaf oil of Hedycarya angustifolia A. Cunn. (Monimiaceae) collected at Mt. Tomah, N.S.W. (yield 2.0%; d 0.9391; [α] 4.22°; n 1.4970), was fractionated to yield a fraction (b.p. 99 °C) that solidified on standing. This fraction yielded elemol, a monocyclic sesquiterpenic alcohol (m.p. 48-50 °C), identified by preparation of its phenylurethane (m.p. 112-113 °C) and comparison of the infrared spectrum with an authentic specimen prepared from Java citronella oil. Elemol constitutes 60% of the crude oil. Crystals deposited from the volatile leaf oils of Prostanthera sieberi Benth. (Labiatae) collected at National Park, N.S.W., and P. rotundifolia R.Br. collected at Lilydale, Tasmania, were recrystallized from aqueous ethanol to yield globulol, a tricyclic sesquiterpenic alcohol (m.p. 87-88 °C). Identification was confirmed by mixed melting point determination and infrared spectrum comparison with an authentic specimen from Eucalyptus globulus oil. This is the first report of maaliol and elemol occurring in the Australian flora.