Phytotoxin Tables

CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology
1977.0

Abstract

Being aware of concern about "natural" and "unnatural" chemicals in our environment, I have tabulated the distribution of toxins (as defined in NIOSH in 1975) in higher plants. Using NIOSH as a reference and accepting only the toxins listed therein, it is easy to list many "toxic" chemicals such as chlorophyll, fructose, fumaric acid, glyceraldehyde, glycerol, lysine, niacin, pectin, propionic acid, retinol, riboflavine, rutin, shikimic acid, tannic acid, and thiamine, which occur in many if not all green plants. Many vitamins found in nature are cited as "toxic" chemicals by NIOSH. NIOSH changed its title from Toxic Substances List to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances in recognition of the fact that all substances can be toxic if misused. Listed in Table 1 are "toxic" chemicals from NIOSH (1975) which are also reported to occur in higher plants. Table 2 may be useful to medical doctors and veterinarians treating humans or animals who have ingested plants suspected of being poisonous. None of the data tabulated here are original; this is strictly a compilation from the published literature, a tabulation I find very useful in answering some of the hundreds of queries received on poisonous plants. I hope that those readers who also find it useful will inform me of errors or omissions that should be corrected.

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