Alkaloids in Chamaecytisus austriacus (L) Link, SSP. Stefanoffii (Stoj) Kuzm. Endemic to Bulgaria

Planta Medica
1979.0

Abstract

The genus Cytisus L. has been revised recently in "FLORA EUROPEAE", and taxa spread in Bulgaria are referred to three genera: Chamaecytisus Link (20 species), Corothamnus (Koch) Presl (3 species) and Lembotropis Grijeb (1 species). Chamaecytisus austriacus is indigenous to the South and South-West regions of Bulgaria and is a rich source of sparteine (about 0.2%) with pharmaceutical industry interest. We investigated the alkaloid content of its air-dried leaves and fruits. The mixture of free bases was obtained by concentrating ethanol extract, acidifying with 5% HCl, removing nonbasic substances with ether, alkalizing with ammonia and extracting with ether (fraction 1), then treating with 10% NaOH (pH 13-14) and extracting with ether (fraction 2) and chloroform (fraction 3). Fraction 1 was subjected to silica gel column chromatography, yielding l-17 oxosparteine (identified by m.p., [α]D, IR spectrum, TLC) and l-sparteine. Fraction 2 was converted to hydrobromide and identified as l-sparteine. Fraction 3 contained sparteine, 17-oxosparteine, lupanine and an unknown alkaloid identified as lusitanine (via spectral data, m.p., [α]D, elemental analysis). Fruits extracted with methanol yielded 0.7% alkaloid mixture, with sparteine (91%) and lusitanine (1.16%) identified by gas chromatography.

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