Mycolic acid-containing bacteria activate heterologous secondary metabolite expression in Streptomyces lividans

The Journal of Antibiotics
2015.0

Abstract

Streptomyces contains 30–40 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, but most are silent or expressed below detectable levels under pure culture conditions. Heterologous expression techniques enable the expression of these genes in alternative hosts, yet production levels are often insufficient. Previously, we reported that mycolic acid-containing bacteria can induce secondary metabolism in Streptomyces via physical contact. In this study, we investigated the application of combined culture (with mycolic acid-containing bacteria) to heterologous metabolite expression in Streptomyces lividans, a widely used host strain. Using the biosynthetic gene clusters for goadsporin (a RiPP), staurosporine, and rebeccamycin (indolocarbazoles) cloned previously, we demonstrated that combined culture markedly increased the production of these bioactive natural products relative to pure cultures. Goadsporin production in combined culture with Tsukamurella pulmonis reached 408 mg l⁻¹ and with Rhodococcus erythropolis reached 233 mg l⁻¹, higher than in pure culture. Staurosporine production in pure culture was only 0.6 mg l⁻¹, while combined culture with T. pulmonis reached 104 mg l⁻¹ (200-fold increase). Rebeccamycin production in pure culture was low, but combined culture with T. pulmonis reached 44.5 mg l⁻¹ (130-fold increase). Combined culture also initiated production earlier than pure culture. Our results show combined culture is an effective method for increasing the yield of heterologous expression products in S. lividans. This method activates secondary metabolism without complicated genetic manipulation or chemical inducers, making it advantageous for scaling up fermentation and efficient for identifying and producing various secondary metabolites, including those from silent gene clusters.

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