AntiSMASH analysis of genome DNA of <i>Streptomyces</i> CPCC 204980, a soil isolate with potent antibacterial activity, revealed a gene cluster for polycyclic xanthones. A subsequent chemical study confirmed that the microorganism produced polycyclic xanthone cervinomycin A<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>) and the new congeners cervinomycins B<sub>1-4</sub> (<b>2</b>-<b>5</b>). The structures of <b>1</b>-<b>5</b> were determined by comprehensive analyses of MS and NMR data, which indicated that <b>2</b>-<b>5</b> featured a common dihydro-D ring in the polycyclic xanthone core moiety of their molecules. <b>2</b>-<b>5</b> are toxic to human cancer cells and active against Gram-positive bacteria.