Incarvillea mairei var. grandiflora, a variety of Incarvillea maireia (Bignoniaceae), is distributed mainly in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Qinghai provinces, often growing in mountains with an altitude of about 2500–3650 meters, and its roots and leaves can be used as folk medicine for the treatment of anemia. In our systematic investigation on the chemical constituents of the whole plant of I. mairei var. grandiflora, 14 compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The whole plants were extracted with methanol at room temperature, and the methanol extract was partitioned with petroleum ether, CHCl3, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. Each fraction was purified by column chromatography with silica gel, Rp-18, and Sephadex LH-20 to yield compounds 1–14. The compounds were investigated by spectroscopic methods including NMR and mass spectrometry, and all were identified as rengyolone (1), cleroindicin B (2), cleroindicin C (3), polygalacerebroside (4), schizandrin (5), 1-O-caffeoylglycerol (6), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (7), isoacteoside (8), eutigoside A (9), caffeic acid ethyl ester (10), α-amyrin (11), quercetin (12), quercetin-7-O-rhamnoside (13), and stigmasterol (14).