<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>In this report, the isorhamnetin 3-<jats:italic>o</jats:italic>-robinobioside and its original extract, the ethyl acetate extract, from <jats:italic>Nitraria retusa</jats:italic> leaves, were evaluated for their ability to induce antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:italic>Nitraria retusa</jats:italic> products properties were carried out by firstly evaluating their effects against lipid peroxidation induced by H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances species (TBARS) assay, and proceeding to the assay of cellular antioxidant activity, then doing the comet assay. </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The isorhamnetin 3-<jats:italic>o</jats:italic>-robinobioside showed a protective effect against lipid peroxidation induced by H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. The same natural compound and ethyl acetate extract inhibited oxidation induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells with respectively 50% inhibitory concentration values of 0.225 mg/ml and 0.31 mg/ml, reflecting a significant antioxidant potential. The same two products inhibited the genotoxicity induced by hydroxyl radicals in the same human cell line (by 77.77% at a concentration of 800 μg/ml and by 80.55% at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml respectively). </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>The <jats:bold>i</jats:bold> sorhamnetin 3- <jats:italic>o</jats:italic>-robinobioside and its original extract, the ethyl acetate extract, from <jats:italic>Nitraria retusa</jats:italic> leaves, have a great antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential on human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. </jats:sec>