Harungana madagascariensis Poir. (syn. Haronna madagascariensis Choia), (family Guttiferae), a small tree native to Africa and Madagascar is said (1) to be used for a variety of medicinal purposes by the indigenous peoples. From the bark which produces a brilliant orange sap, Stout et al. (2) reported in 1962, the isolation of a pigment, harunganin, to which structure (VI) was assigned as a result of X-ray crystallographic studies. The pigment was not characterised in any other way. At this time we also had isolated harunganin as the major pigment of bark obtained from Babinda, Nth. Queensland, where the tree occurs as an introduced species. In addition we have separated so far, eight other constituents: the triterpenoids, betulic acid and friedelin, identified by direct comparison with authentic specimens, the known pigments euxanthone, chrysophanic acid and physcion (I), also identified by direct comparison with authentic specimens, and the new pigments madagascin (II), madagascin anthrone (III), and harongin anthrone (IV). Chemical and physical evidence for the structures of these pigments and of harunganin is now presented.