Although the essential oil composition of the genus Callistemon from different parts of the world has been studied, the leaf and stem essential oil constituents of C. polandii from India have not been studied in detail. This study carried out a detailed GC and GC-MS analysis of C. polandii leaf and stem oils from the plains of Northern India. The essential oils were obtained by conventional hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, with yields of 0.008% (leaf) and 0.004% (stem) on a fresh weight basis (v/w). GC and GC/MS analysis identified 60 constituents (representing 98.2%) in leaf oil and 44 constituents (representing 99.9%) in stem oil. The major constituents in leaf oil were palmitic acid (25.2%), myristic acid (10.8%), and caryophyllene oxide (9.6%), while those in stem oil were palmitic acid (31.7%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%), myristic acid (5.9%), and 9-hexadecanoic acid (5.6%). Comparison showed 40 common compounds between stem and leaf oils. Palmitic acid and 9-hexadecanoic acid were 1.3 and 4.3 times higher in stem oil, while caryophyllene oxide and tetradecanoic acid were 1.5 and 1.8 times lower in stem oil than in leaf oil. Some constituents (e.g., α-pinene, dodecanoic acid, β-caryophyllene) were 1.5 to 10 times higher in stem oil, while others (e.g., α-terpeneol, epi-α-cadinol) were 1.6 to 3 times lower. Additionally, (E,Z)-farnesol was unique to stem oil, while δ-cadinene and n-hexadecene were unique to leaf oil. Comparison with previous studies on C. polandii leaf oil showed drastic variations in chemical composition, indicating that C. polandii growing in the premise of CIMAP, Lucknow is a different chemotype.