Phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthase catalyzes the formation of (R)-4*-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine from 4*-phosphopantothenate and L-cysteine: this enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), has not previously been identified. Recently it was shown that the NH2-terminal domain of the Dfp protein from bacteria catalyzes the next step in CoA biosynthesis, the decarboxylation of (R)-4*-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine to form 4*-phosphopantetheine (Kupke, T., Uebele, M., Schmid, D., Jung, G., Blaesse, M., and Steinbacher, S. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 31838–31846). We have partially purified phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli and demonstrated that the protein encoded by the dfp gene, here renamed coaBC, also has phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase activity, using CTP rather than ATP as the activating nucleoside 5*-triphosphate. This discovery completes the identification of all the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A in bacteria.