Eighteen new polyesterified dihydro-β<i>-</i>agarofurans, celaspaculins A-R, as well as 11 known ones, were purified from the seeds of <i>Celastrus paniculatus</i>. The structures of new isolates were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction studies. The lifespan-extending activity of the dihydro-β<i>-</i>agarofuran-enriched fraction and 10 abundant polyesterified dihydro-β<i>-</i>agarofurans was evaluated on the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> model. Consequently, the dihydro-β<i>-</i>agarofuran-enriched fraction and compounds <b>5</b>, <b>14</b>, and <b>21</b> notably increased the average survival time of <i>C. elegans</i> by 23%, 16%, 18%, and 17%, respectively, compared with the blank control group (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).