<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen compounds including taxumairol R <jats:bold>(1)</jats:bold>, taxinine M <jats:bold>(2)</jats:bold>, taxacin <jats:bold>(3)</jats:bold>, paclitaxel <jats:bold>(4)</jats:bold>, 10‐deacetyltaxol A <jats:bold>(5)</jats:bold>, 10‐deacetyl‐7‐<jats:italic>epi</jats:italic>‐taxol <jats:bold>(6)</jats:bold>, 7‐<jats:italic>epi</jats:italic>‐taxol <jats:bold>(7)</jats:bold>, taxol C, 10‐deacetyltaxol C, 7β‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetyltaxol <jats:bold>(8)</jats:bold>, taxamairin A <jats:bold>(9)</jats:bold>, taxinine A, 14β‐hydroxytaxusin <jats:bold>(10)</jats:bold>, 5α‐hydroxy‐7β,9α,10β, 13α‐tetraacetoxy‐4(20), 11‐taxadiene, 1‐dehydroxybaccatin‐VI, 1β‐dehydroxybaccatin‐IV, baccatin IV, baccatin VI and ponasterone A have been isolated and identified from the root bark of <jats:italic>Taxus mairei</jats:italic>. Among them, compound <jats:bold>1</jats:bold> was a new taxoid and compounds <jats:bold>11</jats:bold> and 7β‐xylosyl‐10‐deacetyltaxol pentaacetate were new derivatives prepared from 14β‐hydroxytaxusin <jats:bold>(10)</jats:bold> and <jats:bold>8</jats:bold>, respectively. Their structures and assignment were established on the basis of 2D‐NMR analysis and chemical methods.