Two new alkaloids, trans- and cis-dendrochrysanines (1 and 2) wereisolated from the stems of Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. and their structures were identified as (2S)-N-trans-cinnamoyl-2-oxopropyrrolidine (1) and (2S)-N-cis-cinnamoyl-2-oxopropyrrolidine (2), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic methods. © 2005 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry.