Chemical examination of the exuded gum resin of Boswellia carterii resulted in the isolation of nine new prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenes, boscartols A-I (1-9). The structures of these compounds were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, mass spectrometric data, and circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1-3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 (10 μM) showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine-induced HL-7702 cell damage.