Anthracyclines, produced by various Streptomyces species, have been proved to be important components in the treatment of cancer chemotherapy.1–3 The first clinically important anthracycline (daunorubicin) was isolated from the pigment-producing Streptomyces peucetius early in the 1960s. In the concerted effort to yield new and improved anthracyclines, doxorubicin subsequently appeared. Although this agent differed by only one hydroxyl group from daunorubicin, it was soon realized that this minor difference was sufficient to endow the drug with a greatly superior spectrum of activity.4 So a great effort has been made to develop various analogs and derivatives of anthracycline compounds expecting for more improved antitumor drugs.5–8 As part of our continuous screening for more secondary metabolites, we investigated the bioactive constituents of the strain Streptomyces sp. HS-NF-1006 and this led to the isolation of an interesting anthracycline analog, designated 6"-cyano-6"-deoxy-TAN-1120 (1, Figure 1), from the fermentation broth of this strain. Here, the details of fermentation, isolation, structure characterization and bioactivity of compound 1 are described.