A chemical study of the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana resulted in the isolation of seven triterpenes (1-7), including two new compounds: (24R,S)-3β-24,31-epoxy-24-methylcycloartane (1) and (24R,S)-3β,31-dihydroxy-24-methoxy-24-methylcycloartane (2). Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses. Cycloartanes 1-4 showed significant human CYP3A4 promoter activity through a series of luciferase reporter assays. Of these compounds, 3 and 4 activated the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and induced CYP3A4 mRNA expression in human primary hepatocytes. However, despite showing the most potent human CYP3A4 promoter activity via a PXR-independent pathway, 2 did not affect CYP3A4 mRNA expression in human primary hepatocytes. This difference is correlated to substitutions in C-24 and C-25 of the cycloartane structure.