A new cerebroside, 1-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(20 R)-20 -hydroxylignoceranoylamino]-4,8-tetradecene-3 diol was isolated from the 60% EtOH extract of traditional Chinese medical plant Cyperus rotundus L. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. This new compound showed anti-proliferation effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).