Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus acutissima resulted in the isolation of five new dichapetalin-type triterpenoids, acutissimatriterpenes A-E ( 1- 5), and two new lignans, acutissimalignans A ( 6) and B ( 7), along with two known lignans and three known ellagic acid derivatives. The structures of 1- 7 were determined mainly on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The compounds obtained were evaluated for cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 activities.