The rhizome of Cimicifuga heracleifolia KOMAROV (Ranunculaceae) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory drug to relieve fever. Chemical constituents of Cimicifuga species have been studied by several groups, and isolation and identification of triterpenes, sterols, phenolic acids, chromones and yellow pigments were reported. However, no paper has been published so far on the constituents of C. heracleifolia. In the present paper, ten new highly oxidized cycloartane-type triterpenoids—24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol, 7,8-didehydrocimigenol, 25-O-acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol, 3-keto-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol, 2',4'-O-diacetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside, 3'-O-acetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside, 24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside, 7,8-didehydro-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-xyloside, 24-epi-acerinol and heracleifolinol—were isolated from the rhizome of Cimicifuga heracleifolia KOMAROV. Their structures were determined by the use of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) techniques (¹H-¹H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), ¹H-¹³C COSY, ¹H-¹³C long-range COSY) and by X-ray diffraction analysis of the 3-keto compound.