Occurrence of bisphenol A and its alternatives in paired urine and indoor dust from Chinese university students: Implications for human exposure

Chemosphere
2020.0

Abstract

Bisphenol analogs (BPs), as the industrial chemicals, are widely used in consumer products. Limited information exists regarding human exposure to BPs in university students in China. In this study, we detected concentrations of seven BPs, namely bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol P (BPP), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF), in paired urine (n = 160) and indoor dust samples (n = 40) from university students in South China. High detection rates and levels (median) was found in BPA in paired urine (99%, 3.57 ng/mL) and indoor dust (80%, 2.98 μg/g) samples, followed by BPS (88%, 0.24 ng/mL; 78%, 0.22 μg/g). These findings suggest that BPA remains the major BPs used in consumer products. A positive relationship between urinary ∑BPs (sum of six BPs) concentration and indoor dust was observed (r = 0.444, p < 0.01), indicated that exposure to non-dietary BPs may also be significant to human exposure. The median EDI

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