Seventeen piperidine alkaloids, including 15 previously undescribed 2-substituted-6-(9-phenylnonyl)-piperidine3,4-diol alkaloids and a previously undescribed 2-substituted-6-(9-phenylnonyl)-piperidine-3-ol alkaloid, were isolated from the leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott. Their planar structures and configurations were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, Snatzke's method, modified Mosher method, single-crystal Xray crystallography, as well as quantum chemical calculation. It was found that Delta delta H5b-H5a can be used to elucidate the relative configuration of 2,3,4,6-tetrasubstituted piperidine, by analyzing the NMR data of 2substituted-6-(9-phenylnonyl)-piperidine-3,4-diol. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated for all of the alkaloids, and compounds 6 - 8 showed considerable inhibitory activity against K562 cell line, with the IC50 50 values of 17.24 +/- 1.62, 19.31 +/- 0.9 and 18.77 +/- 1.09 mu M, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 7 exerted an antiproliferative effect by inducing apoptosis.