African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a common, multifunctional tree native to Western Africa's arid and semi-Arid regions. It offers a broad range of economic benefits, including clothing and medicines, protection (shade), non-wood-forestry products and raw materials for several products. Milk, flavoring agents, spices, protein, oils, and feeds can be sourced from the fruits, the seeds, the leaves, and the flowers. Presently, there are several medicinal benefits of African Baobab. The roots, bark, and leave extracts (methanolic extracts) have high antiviral and antimicrobial activities. The bark contains alkaloid “Adansonin” studied to be active against malaria and fever. The fruit pulp is used as a functional food for natural treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia associated health anomalies, through enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Notwithstanding this wealth of benefits, death of the tree has taken place in some part of the world, hence, imperative means of management and prevention must be enforced. Thus, this review tends to highlight the varied economical, medicinal, nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of African Baobab, and notably, its environmental sustainability. © 2020 The Author(s)