From the roots of Xylopia nitida, were obtained a new natural diterpene, the ent-kaur-16-en-18,19-diol and a new aporphine alkaloid, the 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1-methoxy-(6aS)-4H-benzo[de][1,3]benzodioxolo [5,6-g]quinoline. Some known compounds were also isolated, ent-trachylobane, ent-trachyloban-18,19-diol, ent-trachyloban-18-oic acid, ent-trachyloban-19-oic acid, (-)-xylopine, 1-O-ethyl-?-D-glucopyranose and a mixture of ?-sitosterol and stigmasterol. This is the first phytochemical study about X. nitida. In this paper chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds is discussed.