Total Synthesis of (−)‐Batrachotoxin Enabled by a Pd/Ag‐Promoted Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
2023.0

Abstract

Batrachotoxin is an extremely potent cardio- and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of frogs, birds, and beetles. The steroidal 6/6/6/5-membered carbocycle (ABCD-ring) is U-shaped and functionalized with two double bonds, a six-membered C3-hemiacetal across the AB-ring, a seven-membered oxazepane on the CD-ring, and a dimethylpyrrolecarboxy group at the D-ring carbon chain. These structural features present an unusual and formidable synthetic challenge. Herein we report a total synthesis of batrachotoxin based on a newly devised convergent strategy through a 22-step sequence. Enantiopure AB-ring and D-ring fragments were prepared and subjected to a crucial C(sp(2) )-C(sp(2) ) coupling reaction. Although both C(sp(2) ) centers were sterically encumbered by proximal tetrasubstituted carbon atoms, Ag(2) O strongly promoted the Pd(PPh(3) )(4) -catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction at room temperature, thereby connecting the two fragments without damaging their preexisting functionalities. Subsequent treatment with t-BuOK induced Dieckmann condensation to cyclize the C-ring. The judiciously optimized functionalizations realized oxazepane formation, carbon chain extension, and pyrrole carboxylic acid condensation to deliver batrachotoxin. CI - (c) 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper