Potent Antiplasmodial Derivatives of Dextromethorphan Reveal the Ent-Morphinan Pharmacophore of Tazopsine-Type Alkaloids

Pharmaceutics
2022.0

Abstract

The alkaloid tazopsine 1 was introduced in the late 2000s as a novel antiplasmodial hit compound active against Plasmodium falciparum hepatic stages, with the potential to develop prophylactic drugs based on this novel chemical scaffold. However, the structural determinants of tazopsine 1 bioactivity, together with the exact definition of the pharmacophore, remained elusive, impeding further development. We found that the antitussive drug dextromethorphan (DXM) 3, although lacking the complex pattern of stereospecific functionalization of the natural hit, was har-boring significant antiplasmodial activity in vitro despite suboptimal prophylactic activity in a murine model of malaria, precluding its direct repurposing against the disease. The targeted N-alkyla-tion of nor-DXM 15 produced a small library of analogues with greatly improved activity over DXM 3 against P. falciparum asexual stages. Amongst these, N-2′-pyrrolylmethyl-nor-DXM 16i showed a 2-to 36-fold superior inhibitory potency compared to tazopsine 1 and DXM 3 against P. falciparum liver and blood stages, with respectively 760 ± 130 nM and 2.1 ± 0.4 µM IC50 values, as well as liver/blood phase selectivity of 2.8. Furthermore, cpd. 16i showed a 5-to 8-fold increase in activity relative to DXM 3 against P. falciparum stages I–II and V gametocytes, with 18.5 µM and 13.2 µM IC50 values, respectively. Cpd. 16i can thus be considered a promising novel hit compound against malaria in the ent-morphinan series with putative pan cycle activity, paving the way for further therapeutic development (e.g., investigation of its prophylactic activity in vivo). © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper

Potent Antiplasmodial Derivatives of Dextromethorphan Reveal the Ent-Morphinan Pharmacophore of Tazopsine-Type Alkaloids
Pharmaceutics 2022.0
A Plant-Derived Morphinan as a Novel Lead Compound Active against Malaria Liver Stages
PLoS Medicine 2006.0
Isolation and antimalarial activity of new morphinan alkaloids on Plasmodium yoelii liver stage
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2008.0
MEPicides: α,β-Unsaturated Fosmidomycin Analogues as DXR Inhibitors against Malaria
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2018.0
Antimalarial and Structural Studies of Pyridine-Containing Inhibitors of 1-Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2013.0
Blood Schizontocidal and Gametocytocidal Activity of 3-Hydroxy-N′-arylidenepropanehydrazonamides: A New Class of Antiplasmodial Compounds
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2014.0
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives as potential antiplasmodial agents
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2021.0
Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of prodrugs of novel fosmidomycin analogues
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2015.0
Tetrazole-based deoxyamodiaquines: Synthesis, ADME/PK profiling and pharmacological evaluation as potential antimalarial agents
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2013.0
Antimalarial N<sup>1</sup>,N<sup>3</sup>-Dialkyldioxonaphthoimidazoliums: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structure–activity Relationships
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2020.0