Camptothecin (CPT) a monoterpene indole alkaloid initially isolated from a Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata, later found to be distributed in several unrelated genera of angiosperms. These include Nothapodytes, Ophiorrhiza, Chonemorpha, Apodytes, Merillodendron, Dysoxylum, Tabernaemontana, Codiocarpus, Pyrenacantha, Mostuea, Iodes, etc. Complexity and phylogeny of this compound are studied by various researchers. In the past two decades CPTs used in the treatment of certain types of cancers are still sourced from wild resources and pharma industry is still dependent on two tree species, viz., C. acuminata and Nothapodytes foetida. The interesting occurrence of CPT in various genera including herbs and shrubs which can be cultivable easily can be explored to save the overexploited tree species. Hence it is imperative to know the botany of CPT-yielding plants that can further be optimized for cultivation which is a sustainable alternative. In this chapter a detailed review of botany of CPT-yielding plants is presented. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.