Phytochemical study of the aquatic plant Dicraeanthus zehnderi H. Hess., led to the isolation of eleven compounds, including one alkaloid [2'-acetamido-3 & PRIME;-phenylpropyl-2-benzamido-3-phenylpropionate (1)], one fatty alcohol [Tridecanol (2)] and nine known xanthones [Caloxanthone A (3), Caloxanthone C (4), Trapezifoliaxanthone (5), 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (6), Norathyriol (7), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (8), 6-deoxyisojacareubin (9), Linixanthone C (10) and Tovoxanthone (11)]. The compounds (1) and (2) were isolated from this family for the first time while the isolated xanthones (3-11) were reported from the Dicraeanthus genus for the first time. The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and compared with the published data with given references. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.