Delavatine A (DA) is an unusual isoquinoline alkaloid with a novel skeleton isolated from Chinese folk medicine Incarvillea delavayi. Studies conducted in our lab have demonstrated that DA has potential anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV-2 cells. DA, however, has not been studied for its protective effect on neuronal cells yet. Thus, to explore whether DA can protect neurons, oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-injured PC12 cell and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model were used to assess the protective efficacy of DA against OGD/R damaged PC12 cells and MCAO/R injured rats. Our results demonstrated that DA pretreatment (0.31–2.5µM) dose-dependently increased cell survival and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), whereas it lowered the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), intracellular cumulation of Ca2+, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited the apoptosis rate in OGD/R-injured PC12 cells. Western blot demonstrated that DA pretreatment lowered the expression of apoptotic proteins and repressed the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. It was also found that the neuroprotective efficacy of DA was significantly reversed by co-treatment with the JNK agonist anisomycin, suggesting that DA reduced PC12 cell injury and apoptosis by suppressing the MKK7/JNK pathway. Furthermore, DA oral administration greatly alleviated the neurological dysfunction and reduced the infarct volume of MCAO/R rats. Taken together, DA could ameliorate OGD/R-caused PC12 cell injury and improve brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in MCAO/R rats, and its neuroprotection might be attributed to suppressing the MKK7/JNK signaling pathway. © 2022 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.