A new C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, named 17-acetylaconitine A (1), was isolated from salted Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, and related references. Compound 1 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity with IC50 value of 4.51 μM, which was evaluated for its neuroprotective activity against 6-OHDA-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells with curcumin as positive control. © 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.