Gansuibanxia decoction (GSBXD) is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is a herbal formula used for treating hydrops, such as cancerous ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, etc. However, the chemical constituents of GSBXD were still unclear. In this study, an UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS method was established and applied to the separation and characterization of the chemical constituents of GSBXD. A total of 62 components were chemically defined or tentatively identified, including diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides and alkaloids. The results is meaningful for a better understanding of the material basis of GSBXD and can be the basis for its further in vitro and in vivo studies. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.