Evaluation of Proximate, Mineral, Anti-Nutrients and Phytochemical Constituents of Indigenous Beans (Cajanus cajan, Sphenostylis stenocarpa and Phaseolus lunatus)

Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research
2020.0

Abstract

The rate of neglect of local beans due to lack of relevant information about their nutritional and medicinal values cannot be over-emphasized. This study aimed to determine the nutritional, phytochemical and anti-nutrient contents of three indigenous beans (Cajanus cajan, Sphenostylis stenocarpa, and Phaseolus lunatus). Nutritional, phytochemical and anti-nutrient contents of the beans were determined. Data were analysed using statistical analysis system. Results showed that fat (1.46±0.01 mg/100g), moisture (12.71±0.02 mg/100g) and carbohydrate (58.04±0.37 mg/100g) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in C. cajan seeds. Crude fibre (16.91±0.05 mg/100g) and ash (6.41±0.01 mg/100g) were significantly higher in S. stenocarpa as well as crude protein (26.93±0.04 mg/100g) in P. lunatus seeds. Also, potassium (1393.07±1.53 mg/100g), phosphorus (396.71±0.49 mg/100g) and zinc (2.77±0.01 mg/100g) were significantly higher in C. cajan seeds while iron (6.44±0.02 mg/100g), magnesium (189.77±0.06 mg/100g) and copper (2.33±0.01 mg/100g) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in S. stenocarpa seeds. Vitamin A (0.11±0.00 mg/100g) was significantly higher in S. stenocarpa seeds, Vitamin B (0.65±0.00 mg/100g) in C. cajan while higher quantity of Vitamin C (23.73±0.02 mg/100g) was recorded in P. lunatus seeds. Also, tannin (2.72±0.02 mg/100g) and oxalate (0.89±0.00 mg/100g) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in P. lunatus seeds. In addition, alkaloids (14.04±0.01 mg/100g), flavonoids (1.59 ± 0.00 mg/100), steroids (0.42±0.00 mg/100g) and phenol (2.44±0.00 mg/100g) were significantly higher in P. lunatus seeds. In conclusion, C. cajan, S. stenocarpa, and P. lunatus are rich in nutritional and phytochemical contents therefore, consumption of the beans is encouraged. © 2020 the authors.

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