Seven new ajmaline type alkaloids, alstiphyllanines I-O (1-7) were isolated from the leaves of Alstonia macrophylla together with six related alkaloids (8-13). Structures and stereochemistry of 1-7 were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR analysis. A series of alstiphyllanines I-O (1-7) as well as the known ajmaline type alkaloids (8-13) showed that they relaxed phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions against rat aortic ring. Among them, vincamedine (10) showed potent vasorelaxant activity, which may be mediated through inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCs) and/or receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs) as well as partially mediated the NO release from endothelial cells. The presence of substituents at both N-1 and C-17 may be important to show vasorelaxation activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.