One new stenine-type alkaloid, tuberostemonine D (1), together with five known stenine-type alkaloids (2-6) and two known stemoninine-type alkaloids (7 and 8), were isolated from the roots of Stemona tube rosa. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (IR. UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR), and the structure of 1 was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. First simultaneous isolation of stenine- and stemoninine-type alkaloids not only added a new chemical type and increased the chemical diversity of Stemona tuberosa, but also provided chemotaxonomic clues for the close relationship between genera Stemona and Stichoneuron, and favored retaining them in the same family. (C) 2014 Zhi-Guo Ma and Ren-Wang Jiang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.