New protoberberine alkaloids, namely alangiumkaloids A (1) and B (2), 27-O-trans-caffeoylcylicodiscic acid (3), and beta-D-glucopyranos-1-yl N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate (5) together with myriceric acid B (4), isoalangiside (6), alangiside (7), 3-O-demethyl-2-O-methylalangiside (8), and demethylalangiside (9) have been isolated from Alangium salviifolium. The cancer chemopreventive properties and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 3, 4, and 9 scavenged DPPH free radicals with IC50 values of 21.4, 21.8, and 24.0 mu M, respectively. Alangisides 7 and 9 inhibited superoxide anion radical formation in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XXO) assay with IC50 values of 19.4 and 5.3 mu M, respectively. Compounds 6-9 showed excellent antioxidant activity in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay with 12.8-24.9 ORAC units. Compounds 3 and 4 inhibited aromatase activity with IC50 values of 4.7 and 6.8 mu M, respectively. Although the isolated compounds showed only weak cytotoxicity or were inactive, compounds 3 and 4 exhibited cytotoxic activity towards the MOLT-3 cell line with IC50 values of 5.6 and 3.9 mu M, respectively, and compound 8 selectively inhibited the growth of the HepG2 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 7.1 mu M.