From the wood of the South American rosewood trees (genus Aniba) there has been isolated a new alkaloid C11,H2,NO3, which has been named anibine. By various degradations, in particular by alkaline cleavage, it was shown that anibine is 4-methoxy-6-(3'-pyridyl)-α-pyrone (IV). A neutral companion substance of anibine, when subjected to similar reactions, was proved to be 4-methoxy-6-piperonyl-α-pyrone (X) (4-methoxyparacotoin) and attention is called to the structural similarity with the constituents of the closely related Coto barks. © 1957, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.