Asymmetric synthesis of L-carbocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and its analogs were accomplished and their anti-HIV activities were evaluated. It was found that L-carbocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine exhibited moderately potent anti-HIV (EC50 = 2.4 microM) activity in human PBM cells without cytotoxicity up to 100 microM.