We have synthesized a series of 4H,6H-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-dione 1-oxide nucleoside and their anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) activities in Wish cell were also investigated in vitro. It was found that most compounds showed obvious anti-VSV activities and compound 9 with ribofuranoside improved the anti-VSV activity by approximately 10 times and 18 times compared to didanosine (DDI) and acyclovir, respectively. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of these compounds as well as previous reported oxadiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives indicated that compounds with high activity should have small values of logP(o/w), vsurf_G and a large logS value. These findings and results provide a base for further investigations.