Initial development of a cytotoxic amino-seco-CBI warhead for delivery by prodrug systems

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
2015.0

Abstract

Cyclopropabenzaindoles (CBIs) are exquisitely potent cytotoxins which bind and alkylate in the minor groove of DNA. They are not selective for cancer cells, so prodrugs are required. CBIs can be formed at physiological pH by Winstein cyclisation of 1-chloromethyl-3-substituted-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[e]indoles (5-OH-seco-CBIs). Corresponding 5-NH2-seco-CBIs should also undergo Winstein cyclisation similarly. A key triply orthogonally protected intermediate on the route to 5-NH2-seco-CBIs has been synthesised, via selective monotrifluoroacetylation of naphthalene-1,3-diamine, Boc protection, electrophilic iodination, selective allylation at the trifluoroacetamide and 5-exo radical ring-closure with TEMPO. This intermediate has potential for introduction of peptide prodrug masking units (deactivating the Winstein cyclisation and cytotoxicity), addition of diverse indole-amide side-chains (enhancing non-covalent binding prior to alkylation) and use of different leaving groups (replacing the usual chlorine, allowing tuning of the rate of Winstein cyclisation). This key intermediate was elaborated into a simple model 5-NH2-seco-CBI with a dimethylaminoethoxyindole side-chain. Conversion to a bio-reactive entity and the bioactivity of this system were confirmed through DNA-melting studies (ΔTm=13°C) and cytotoxicity against LNCaP human prostate cancer cells (IC50=18nM).

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper

Initial development of a cytotoxic amino-seco-CBI warhead for delivery by prodrug systems
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2015.0
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Duocarmycin O-Amino Phenol Prodrugs Subject to Tunable Reductive Activation
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2010.0
Novel Cyclopropylindole Conjugates and Dimers: Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Evaluation
Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents 2001.0
A Novel, Unusually Efficacious Duocarmycin Carbamate Prodrug That Releases No Residual Byproduct
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2012.0
Novel Seco Cyclopropa[c]pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole Bisalkylators Bearing a 3,3‘-Arylenebisacryloyl Group as a Linker
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2001.0
Cyclopropamitosenes, Novel Bioreductive Anticancer Agents. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Biological Activity of 7-Substituted Cyclopropamitosenes and Related Indolequinones
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1994.0
Photochemical electrocyclisation of 3-vinylindoles to pyrido[2,3-a]-, pyrido[4,3-a]- and thieno[2,3-a]-carbazoles: Design, synthesis, DNA binding and antitumor cell cytotoxicity
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2009.0
Synthesis and biological evaluation of structural variants of carbazoquinocin C
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 2003.0
Prenylation at the indole ring leads to a significant increase of cytotoxicity of tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2012.0
PMA-SiO2 catalyzed synthesis of indolo[2,3-c]quinolines as potent anti cancer agents
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2015.0