Enhancement of the tail hydrophobic interactions within the carbonic anhydrase IX active site via structural extension: Design and synthesis of novel N-substituted isatins-SLC-0111 hybrids as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and antitumor agents

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
2019.0

Abstract

Herein we report the design and synthesis of novel N-substituted isatins-SLC-0111 hybrids (6a-f and 9a-l). A structural extension approach was adopted via N-alkylation and N-benzylation of isatin moiety to enhance the tail hydrophobic interactions within the carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX active site. Thereafter, a hybrid pharmacophore approach was utilized via merging the pharmacophoric elements of isatin and SLC-0111 in a single chemical framework. As planned, a substantial improvement of inhibitory profile of the target hybrids (K<sub>I</sub>s: 4.7-86.1 nM) towards hCA IX in comparison to N-unsubstituted leads IVa-c (K<sub>I</sub>s: 192-239 nM), was achieved. Molecular docking of the designed hybrids in CA IX active site unveiled, as planned, the ability of N-alkylated and N-benzylated isatin moieties to accommodate in a wide hydrophobic pocket formed by T73, P75, P76, L91, L123 and A128, establishing strong van der Waals interactions. Hybrid 6c displayed good anti-proliferative activity under hypoxic conditions towards breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.43 ± 0.28 and 12.90 ± 0.34 μM, respectively). Also, 6c disrupted the MDA-MB-231 cell cycle via alteration of the Sub-G<sub>1</sub> phase and arrest of G<sub>2</sub>-M stage. Additionally, 6c displayed significant increase in the percent of annexinV-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 1.03 to 18.54%. Furthermore, 6c displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 260.64 nM). Collectively, these data suggest 6c as a promising lead molecule for the development of effective anticancer agents.

Knowledge Graph

Similar Paper

Enhancement of the tail hydrophobic interactions within the carbonic anhydrase IX active site via structural extension: Design and synthesis of novel N-substituted isatins-SLC-0111 hybrids as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and antitumor agents
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2019.0
Development of 4-((3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino)benzenesulfonamide derivatives utilizing tail/dual-tail approaches as novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2022.0
Identification of N-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfonyl)acetamides/propanamides as new SLC-0111 analogues: Synthesis and evaluation of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activities
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2021.0
Dual-tail approach to discovery of novel carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors by simultaneously matching the hydrophobic and hydrophilic halves of the active site
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2017.0
Natural inspired ligustrazine-based SLC-0111 analogues as novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2022.0
Development of novel benzofuran-based SLC-0111 analogs as selective cancer-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX inhibitors
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2021.0
Discovery of new carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors as anticancer agents by toning the hydrophobic and hydrophilic rims of the active site to encounter the dual-tail approach
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2022.0
Discovery of 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-(phenylureido)benzenesulfonamides as SLC-0111 Analogues for the Treatment of Hypoxic Tumors Overexpressing Carbonic Anhydrase IX
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2018.0
Discovery of Novel Hydroxyimine-Tethered Benzenesulfonamides as Potential Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX/XII Inhibitors
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2023.0
Dual-tail arylsulfone-based benzenesulfonamides differently match the hydrophobic and hydrophilic halves of human carbonic anhydrases active sites: Selective inhibitors for the tumor-associated hCA IX isoform
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2018.0