Using a classical molecular simplification approach, a series of 36 quinolines were synthesized and evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) growth. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies leaded to potent antitubercular agents, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.3 μM against M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain. Furthermore, the lead compounds were active against multidrug-resistant strains, without cross-resistance with some first- and second-line drugs. Testing the molecules against a spontaneous mutant strain containing a single mutation in the qcrB gene (T313A) indicated that the synthesized quinolines targeted the cytochrome bc complex. In addition, leading compounds were devoid of apparent toxicity to HepG2 and Vero cells and showed moderate elimination rates in human liver S9 fractions. Finally, the selected structures inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in a macrophage model of tuberculosis infection. Taken together, these data indicate that this class of compounds may furnish candidates for the future development of antituberculosis drugs.