As a vital kinase in the glycolysis system, PKM2 is extensively expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) to support the energy and biosynthetic needs. In this study, we designed a series of parthenolide (PTL) derivatives through a stepwise structure optimization, and an excellent derivate <b>29e</b> showed good activity on PKM2 (AC<sub>50</sub> = 86.29 nM) and displayed significant antiproliferative activity against HT29 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.66 μM) and SW480 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.22 μM) cells. <b>29e</b> decreased the expression of total PKM2, prevented nucleus translocation of PKM2 dimer, and inhibited PKM2/STAT3 signaling pathway. <b>29e</b> remarkably increased OCR and decreased the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). The antiproliferative effect of <b>29e</b> depended on PKM2, and the Cys424 of PKM2 was the key binding site. Furthermore, <b>29e</b> significantly suppressed tumor growth in the HT29 xenograft model without obvious toxicity. These outcomes demonstrate that <b>29e</b> is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of CRC.