Assisted by MS/MS-based molecular networking and X-ray diffraction analysis, five new <i>p</i>-terphenyl derivatives, namely, nocarterphenyls D-H (<b>1</b>-<b>5</b>), were obtained and characterized from the cultures of the marine sediment-derived actinomycete <i>Nocardiopsis</i> sp. HDN154086. The skeleton of nocarterphenyl D (<b>1</b>) was defined to possess a rare 2,2'-bithiazole scaffold, naturally occurring for the first time, and nocarterphenyls E-H (<b>2</b>-<b>5</b>) are <i>p</i>-terphenylquinones with unusual thioether linked fatty acid methyl ester substitutions. Compound <b>1</b> showed promising activity against multiple bacteria with MIC values ranging from 1.5 to 6.2 μM, and <b>2</b> exhibited notable antibacterial activity against MRSA which surpassed the positive control ciprofloxacin.