Chromatographic separation on the liquid-state fermented products produced by the fungal strain <i>Alternaria alstroemeriae</i> Km2286 isolated from the littoral medicinal herb <i>Atriplex maximowicziana</i> Makino resulted in the isolation of compounds <b>1</b>-<b>9</b>. Structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis as four undescribed perylenequinones, altertromins A-D (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>), along with altertoxin IV (<b>5</b>), altertoxin VIII (<b>6</b>), stemphyperylenol (<b>7</b>), tenuazonic acid (<b>8</b>), and <i>allo</i>-tenuazonic acid (<b>9</b>). Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>6</b> exhibited antiviral activities against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with EC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.17 ± 0.07 to 3.13 ± 0.31 μM and selectivity indices higher than 10. In an anti-neuroinflammatory assay, compounds <b>1</b>-<b>4</b>, <b>6</b>, and <b>7</b> showed inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial BV-2 cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 0.33 ± 0.04 to 4.08 ± 0.53 μM without significant cytotoxicity. This is the first report to describe perylenequinone-type compounds with potent anti-EBV and anti-neuroinflammatory activities.