<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Five new cardenolides and one new cardiac aglycone, <jats:italic>i.e.</jats:italic>, (5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐sarmentogenin 3‐(<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>L</jats:sc>‐rhamnopyranoside) (<jats:bold>1</jats:bold>), (5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐sarmentogenin (<jats:bold>2</jats:bold>), 11‐oxouzarigenin 3‐(<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>L</jats:sc>‐rhamnopyranoside) (<jats:bold>3</jats:bold>), (5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐gitoxigenin 3‐(<jats:italic>α‐<jats:sc>L</jats:sc></jats:italic>‐rhamnopyranoside) (<jats:bold>4</jats:bold>), (5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐oleandrigenin 3‐(<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>L</jats:sc>‐rhamnopyranoside) (<jats:bold>5</jats:bold>), and (5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐oleandrigenin 3‐[<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>L</jats:sc>‐rhamnopyranoside] (<jats:bold>6</jats:bold>), together with two known cardenolides, <jats:italic>i.e.</jats:italic>, frugoside (= (3<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>,5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐3‐[(6‐deoxy‐<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐allopyranosyl)oxy]‐14,19‐dihydroxycard‐20(22)‐enolide) and (17<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐ascleposide (= (3<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>,5<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>,17<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>)‐3‐[(6‐deoxy‐<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐<jats:sc>D</jats:sc>‐allopyranosyl)oxy]‐14‐hydroxycard‐20(22)‐enolide), were isolated from the stem bark of <jats:italic>Trewia nudiflora</jats:italic> L. (Euphorbiaceae) collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Their structures were established by spectroscopic studies. Cardenolides were first found in the genus <jats:italic>Trewia</jats:italic> (Euphorbiaceae).