Four new triterpenoid bidesmosidic saponins (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>) and a sesquiterpenoid glucoside (<b>5</b>), together with nine known phenolic compounds (<b>6</b>-<b>14</b>), were isolated from the fruits of <i>Elaeagnus umbellata</i>. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. The antioxidant capability of the isolated compounds was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts. Compound <b>6</b> decreased ROS production and promoted cell proliferation. It also counteracted the cell cycle blockade induced by a low concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decreasing the expression of p21 and CDKN2A (p16<sup>INK4A</sup>). Compound <b>6</b> decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in response to inflammatory stimuli, supporting its possible use in periodontitis lesions.