Seventeen new labdane-type diterpenoids, scapairrins A-Q (1-17), including six pairs of diastereoisomers, and three known analogues (18-20) were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Scapania irrigua. The structures of 1-17 were determined based on a combination of the analysis of their MS and NMR spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Cytotoxicity testing showed that compounds 7-10 exhibited inhibitory activities against a small panel of human cancer cell lines.