Recent studies on the phylogeny of Flacourtiaceae, based on plastid rbcL DNA sequences, have shown the family is polyphyletic, with some genera assigned to Salicaceae s.l. that are characterized by phenolic glycosides. We report the results of studies on three Australian species of Salicaceae s.l.: Casearia costulata, Casearia sp. (Mission Beach B.P.Hyland 773), and Scolopia braunii. Methanol extracts of their leaves or stems were defatted with hexane, subjected to preparative HPLC, and compounds were identified using UV, MS, and NMR. Casearia costulata yielded idesin (2-β-glucopyranosyloxy-3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol). Casearia sp. (Mission Beach B.P.Hyland 773) yielded 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. Scolopia braunii yielded (+) catechin and (rel)-2-O-(6-benzoylglucopyranosyl)-7-O-(1a,2a,6a-trihydroxy-5-oxocyclohex-3-enoyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (identical to a compound from Homalium longifolium). Conclusions: Scolopia braunii conforms to previous findings on related species. The presence of idesin in Casearia costulata establishes a metabolic link between Casearia and other Salicaceae s.l. taxa. The shikimic acid derivative in Casearia sp. (Mission Beach B.P.Hyland 773) has no taxonomic implications.