Preparative chromatography of the fruit extract of Acanthopanax divaricatus (Sieb. et Zucc.) Seeman revealed the presence of two anthocyanins, one of which was a new pigment. On complete acid hydrolysis, the new anthocyanin yielded delphinidin, xylose and galactose. The absorption spectrum (in 0.01 % MeOH-HCl) of the glycoside showed A,,, (nm) 283 and 532 and a bathochromic shift of 13 nm by the addition of AlCl, indicating the presence of a free o-dihydroxylic grouping in the B-ring. The ratios of Eu.v and E440/Evis.,,, were 58 and 22 ;~~$?~~~~~ These values suggest that the pig;ent is the 3 glycoside [l]. By H,Oz oxidation the glycoside yielded the disaccharide which was identified paper chromatographically as lathyrose. On partial acid hydrolysis delphinidin 3-galactoside was detected as an intermediate. The pigment must therefore be delphinidin 3-xylosylgalactoside (3 lathyroside), which has not been reported before. Recently, cyanidin 3-lathyroside has been found in the ripe berries of Aralia elata [2] and its variety canescens [3], and A. cordata [2]. Therefore, the glycosidic similarity of the anthocyaninsin the plants in the family Araliaceae may be of systematic interest.