<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Four new cerebrosides, gynuramides I˜IV (<jats:bold>1</jats:bold>‐<jats:bold>4</jats:bold>), together with 37 known compounds were isolated from the rhizome <jats:italic>of Gynura japonica</jats:italic>. The structures of cerebrosides <jats:bold>1</jats:bold>‐<jats:bold>4</jats:bold> were determined by chemical and spectroscopic examination to be: (2<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>,3<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>,4<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>,8<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>)‐2‐[(<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>)‐2‐hydroxypentacosanoylamino]‐8‐en‐1,3,4‐octadecanetriol, (2<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>,3<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>,4<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>,8<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>)‐2‐[(<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>)‐2‐hydroxytetracosanoylamino]‐8‐en‐1,3,4‐octadecanetriol, <jats:italic>(2S,3S,4R,8E)‐2‐[(R)‐2‐</jats:italic>hydroxytricosanoylamino]‐8‐en‐1,3,4‐octadecanetriol, and (2<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>,3<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>,4<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>,8<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>)‐2‐[(<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>)‐2‐hydroxydocosanoylamino]‐8‐en‐1,3,4‐octadecanetriol.