Bark, wood and leaves of Ocotea catharinensis contain respectively 10 (average yield 0.7%), 15 (average yield 0.004%) and one (yield 0.4%) neolignans of the bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid and the hydrobenzofuranoid structural types, including the new rel-(7S,8R,l'R,4'S,S'R,6'R)-As'-4',6'-dihydroxy-S'-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-3'-oxo-8.1',7.5'-neolignan, (7S,8S)-A"~3'~5'~*'-5,3',5'-trimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-8.1',7.0.6',4.0.7'-neolignan, (7R,8S,l'R, 3'R)_A5'.s' -3,4,3',S-tetramethoxy-4'-oxo-8.lf,7.0.~-neolignan and rel-(7R,8S,1'R,2'S)-A4'~*'-2'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-3'-0x0-8.1',7.0.2'-neolignan.